The Cold War Era During World War II - 1349 Words

The Cold War Era that followed the end of World War II was unlike any Americans had seen before. After defeating Germany and its allies in the war, the United States faced a change on the home front: young Americans rushed into marriage and parenthood in unprecedented numbers. In Homeward Bound: American Families in the Cold War Era, Elaine Tyler May describes these changes from the end of the war through the early 1960s. The author makes a compelling range of arguments about the changes that affected Americans during this period. Mainly, May argues that the â€Å"domestic containment† that arose after World War II promoted the new dynamic of a suburban lifestyle, in part because of the increasing fright of looming communism during the Cold War Era. May coins the term â€Å"domestic containment† as the center of her argument in her book Homeward Bound. â€Å"Domestic containment† refers to the happy American suburban lifestyle home that was reinforced by popul ar culture because of the scare of communism. All of May’s other arguments in the book hinge on her larger focus on â€Å"domestic containment† being Americans’ overriding ideology during the early Cold War. May states, â€Å"The self-contained home held out the promise of security in insecure world. It also offered a vision of abundance and fulfillment. As the cold war began, young postwar Americans were homeward bound.† It had become evident to Americans that the world outside the natural boundaries of the country was unstable. TheShow MoreRelated The Cold War Era Essay example1046 Words   |  5 PagesThe Cold War Era Works Cited Missing The late 1940s to the mid 1980s the American society saw what could quite possibly be titled the biggest technological effect on society. This era, The Cold War, was a period in which fear of attack or invasion and a need to be superior reigned in the American society. It led to the development of space technology, during the Space Race, communication systems, and military technology in what has been appropriately deemed the Arms Race. On OctoberRead MoreThe Era Of The State Of Wyoming1598 Words   |  7 Pagesthe influenced his style of art. After moving to New York City in the 1930s, Pollock worked with numerous surrealists, muralists and others who influenced and shaped Pollock’s mature style and an era he opened the audience’s mind to, an era called, Abstract Expressionism.(2). Abstract Expressionism was an era that embraced a variety of individual styles, freedom of techniques, use of large canvases and a â€Å"desire to give spontaneous expression to the unconscious,† something Pollock’s works exude. (2)Read MoreMccarthyism : The Cold War1110 Words   |  5 PagesDuring the Cold War, the United States was deeply enthralled in fears of a Communist takeover. The Cold War, a nuclear war between the Soviet Union and the United States, lasted from 1945 to 1990. As the Cold War progressed spies and individuals of the communist party were uncovered and put on trial. Joseph McCarthy, a Wisconsin senator, took advantage of the United States fear of communists by making up false evidence and accusations against innocent people. Americans feared that there were rootsRead MoreWorld War II : The Rise Of Communism1088 Words   |  5 PagesWorld War II was a tremendously impactful war which was fought during the forties. It had many turning points and great changes that turned not only the United States but the world. One of the first events that occurred was the rise of Communism. With the rise of communism it caused panic in the country of the United States. The panic was inevitable because anyone could be suspected of being a communist. Also, with communism rapidly spreading in Europe it was hard for the United States to stay inRead MoreSongs Written During War Times811 Words   |  4 Pagesgood war, or a bad peace.† said Benjamin Franklin, showing the importance of peace and unnecessariness of war. The songs are the symbol of sadness, love, desire, sorrow, expectancy and other unnumbered emotions. And on the other hand the lyrics are the voice of the society. Therefore, the lyricists and the artists composed songs for different occasions, such as hunger, poverty, demand for freedom, and war. The war songs were also composed during the World War II, the Vietnam War and the Cold War eraRead MoreWomen s Rights And Feminist Movements995 Words   |  4 PagesCentury provided an equally important platform for social revolution. During this era countless social movements emerged, notably so the women’s rights and feminist movements. Tremendous gains were made for women throughout the century’s span, from suffrage, to equal pay, and the availability of contraceptives. One of the most complex feminist movements of the 20th century followed the period’s most tumultuous event: World War II. While under occupation by the United States the Japanese feminist movementRead MoreThe Time Period Of The Cold War1387 Words   |   6 PagesThe time period of the Cold War was a breeding ground for ideological change. It was an era filled with fear and paranoia, not simply of the unknown, but of neighbours, friends, and family. World War II, the atomic bomb, the Cold War, made it hard for Americans to continue their optimism historian Stephen Ambrose commented. This paradigm shift is evident in the texts from the era, and by studying them we come to understand the values and atmosphere of the time and the effect those values had onRead MoreA Social Examination On The Cold War969 Words   |  4 PagesBrittany O’Neill May Paper Elaine Tyler takes a social examination on the war against communism in the book, Homeward Bound: American Families in the Cold War Era. May portrays the idea that the nuclear family structure was a way to amplify resistance against communism. The exterior threat of communism during the postwar and the Cold War era caused for interrelationships within marriages to become a longer and more stable environment. Compared to the previous book we read as a class, May takesRead MoreAn Analysis Of Elaine Tyler s Connection Between Foreign And Political Policy And The Dynamics Of American Families During The Post1173 Words   |  5 Pagesthe dynamics of American families during the post war and Cold War eras through the idea of containment. Her main argument is that domestic containment was bred from political containment. She ties together the widespread anticommunist views of the years following World War II with the ideal of American suburban domesticity to illustrate this argument. Acc ording to May, domestic containment was a side effect of the fears and aspirations that arose after the war had ended - within the home, potentiallyRead MoreFast Food Nation : The Dark Side Of The All American Meal1135 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"Drive Thru† Consumerism Of The 1950’s In Eric Schlosser’s 2001 piece, Fast Food Nation: The Dark Side of the All-American Meal, he examines the rise of the fast food industry in the 1950’s as it was associated with the rampant consumerism of the era and shows how this led to the fast food industry becoming one of the most unethical, manipulative, and greedy industries that ever existed. Schlosser shows how fast food corporations, through mass appealing advertising, were able to manipulate consumers

Will The Uk Reach Level 2 Bim - 1356 Words

Contents Title †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦ 1 Rationale †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..... 2 Aims †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 3 Objectives †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 4 Methodology †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 5 Literature Review †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 6 Resources †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 7 Dissertation Proposal Gantt Chart †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 8 Outline of Sections †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 9 References †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 10 Chapters †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 11 Title Will the UK reach level: 2 BIM by 2016? A study†¦show more content†¦Even the media speaks of adopting level: 2 BIM, but nobody asks why it is already level: 2? The fact is, BIM has always been there in hand drawings and CAD 2D/3D managed environment. BIM is an already existing system, it has just been given a name now, and some necessary tweaking. Actually, this tweaking is what we thought is there, what we thought we were aware of, but we actually ignored. This â€Å"tweaking† is what makes BIM revolutionary. The government regulations of meeting level: 2 BIM is driven by the need for a system that can oversee everything that happens in a project, and also be seen by everyone involved in it. BIM major success in countries who have already adopted it has created a spark for the UK to take a step forward. But, what is BIM? BIM is Building Information Modelling, some say Management and others simply call it Building Information Model. As a matter of fact, it does combine all three philosophies together, and it is quite hard to restrict by a single one. In fact, we rather restrict it’s efficiency if we do restrict it’s philosophy. BIM has been there for as long as we know, Its an order -a lifestyle!- that has been a vital part in the construction industry, marketing, concerts and even fashion. It is an order that exists but few people follow, and

Zhengrong To Ruixiang The Medieval Chinese Reception Of...

Sun-ah Choi examines the unusual iconography of the Chinese Buddha, which is represented by the Buddhas found in Sichuan Province, China, in her essay published in Art Bulletin (97:4), Zhengrong to Ruixiang: The Medieval Chinese Reception of the Mahabodhi Buddha Satua. The images of Chinese Buddha experienced a notable change in the seventh century. Before the seventh century, the imageries focused on the narratives scenes and the Buddhas, at the same time, were devoid of the lavish jewelry. Since then, as the puti ruixiang cave displays in Sichuan, the Buddha images are regarded as independent icons with heavy ornamentation. Immediately, Choi questions the origins of the name and then sets forth her thesis. In this article, she†¦show more content†¦On the contrary, to some extent, the sadness of Yijing converts into some positive feelings. From then on, for human beings, the statue of the Buddha is identical to his physical body, connecting the past, the present, and the fu ture, delivering his benevolence to the mortals. Thus, this results in a significant shift from â€Å"as if real† to â€Å"the true visage.† When Choi rethinks the notion of the replications, first, she adduces a concept from John Ma, who points out the peculiarity of people in ancient or medieval period. They prefer to illustrate their characteristic subjects, instead of producing identical replications. At the same time, she uses a considerable amount of pictures to elaborate the different imitations of the Buddhas in different cultural circumstances. For instance, the Buddha that was built in South Korea is recognized by its significant size. The measurements of each part of this Buddha are identical to the earlier prototype. In Indonesia, there is another statue known for its crude quality, because according to the legend, the prototype was unfinished. Different from the imitation of size or unusual quality, the puti ruixiang Buddha in China emphasizes on its heavy decorations consciously since the Buddha in the Mahabodhi Temple was decorated with lavish ornaments. These visual images help the viewer to distinguish the stylistic differences among the characteristic Buddhas. Based on the

Analyses Economic Growth Process

Question: Discuss about the Analyses Economic Growth Process. Answer: Introduction The aim of the study is to discuss about the economic growth and development of Israel. This is a strong economic and political power in the Middle East. The case study of Israeli strategy and the UNESCO resolution highlights the military power of Israel and mentions that the country has turned out to be a strong regional power. Immigration in the country from the central and Eastern Europe has changed the economic structure of the country. Immigration started after the Second World War and the modern economic history of Israel began since then. Israel has been experiencing a positive economic growth rate to become a rising power in Asia (Plessner, 2012). The economy grew at 11% during the period 1950-65. Study reveals that government of Israel has taken numerous policies to boost up the economies. Major two driving forces of economic growth are immigration and capital inflows. Capital inflows helped in infrastructure development and sectoral growth in both public and private sector. As growth rate increased, per capita income of the country increased overtime. Rise in per capita income increases saving rate and gross investment in the economy(Ram, 2013). The Capital inflows from US, sale of Israel bonds, and unilateral transfer from developed countries had helped capital formation in the economy. The new economic policy introduced in 1952 has changed the economic, social and political structure of Israel. Due to immigration, there was huge aggregate demand for consumer goods. This report discusses economic policy setting in Israel that has transformed the economy from young economy to modern one. In the later section, overtime change in economic policy setting in this country is discussed. Economic policy setting of Israel Social, economic and political structure of Israel started to change since 1948. Modern Israel started to develop from this period. This study analyses the economic policy setting and factors behind the structural changes occurred in Israel. Israel has become a growing power in the idle East Asia and in the world. Horowitz (2014) stated that two important factors such as immigration and capital inflows have attributed to the positive growth of the country. During the end of 1947, the population size of Israel was increased by 630000 due to immigration. Immigration mainly occurred from central and eastern Europe. Capital inflows came in the form of public and private funds. Large immigration had contributed to the production process of the country. They were in different sectors of the economy and were directly linked with the production process. Immigration increased population size and active labour force the economy (Sachar, 2013). Therefore, labour became a cheaper resource of production. Private organisation plays an important role in the growth of the country. It was easier for the private sector to employ labour at a low wage. Hence, it was possible for the firm to make profit at a lower cost. Immigration has two faces. Maman Rosenhek (2012) stated that in one hand, it positively worked for the nations and government. On the other hand, it was a burden the economy in terms of foods, shelter or housing. Pressure on agricultural sector was growing. Therefore, in order to mitigate those economic problems, government took strict austerity program, government finance, price control mechanism and rationing of basic commodities. Government implemented a new economic policy during 1952 (Halevi, n,d). This policy had several dimensions such as devaluation of exchange rate, gradual relaxation of price control mechanism and rationing of commodities. Contractionary monetary policy and constrained fiscal policy was main instrument of Israel government. Historical growth of GDP and per capita GDP in Israel. Both the figures indicate that new economic policy 1952 had been effective to achieve an economic growth rate from 9.3% from 1952 to more than 12% during 2010. However, the growth rate has been slow after 1972. As immigration had occurred in the economy demand for food and housing increased. Aggregate demand increased substantially. The possible reason behind this is rise in consumer prices rapidly. When consumer prices increases, real money value held by people also decreases. Therefore, nominal interest rate rises. As borrowing cost rises, investment level falls in the economy. Therefore, overall productivity of the economy falls. Wage rate rises because of inflation. Therefore, cost of production rises and aggregate supply falls in the economy. When both aggregate demand and supply falls, economy falls into the recession. This happened in case of Israel. In the short run, aggregate demand is fluctuating; however, aggregate supply is stringent. Therefore, price of consumer goods increases creating inflation in the economy. Government took austerity measures to control inflation. Austerity measures include increase in tax, cut in government spending, which is effective for reduction in aggregate demand. However, Kleinberger (2014) argued that austerity measures create unemployment in the economy as government spending decreases. Job creation in public sector decreases therefore. Mizrachi Herzog (2012) commented that increase in tax rate reduces the disposable income of the household, which further has negative impact on countrys saving and investment profile. Therefore, demand and supply both fall in the economy by reducing total GDP and per capacity income. Krampf (2012) argued that if this process continues, the economy might go into recession. Israel had to experience a recession during 1965-67. Figure 4 shows that government expen diture has decreased overtime in Israel. However, economic policy setting in this country has overall positive effect over the years. The economy has gained government support for innovation in business and other sector of the economy. Both human and physical capital formation have gained priority in socio-economic context. Reform in labour and capital market has facilitated growth of business. Globalisation and privatisation policies remain effective policies for this economy (Barnett, 2012). Investment in research and development, technological up gradation has facilitated industry, agriculture and service sector growth (Flug Strawczynski, 2013). This high technology sector has helped to attract foreign investment. Israel is a country with a low unemployment rate. Unemployment rate during 2016 was 6.1%. During 2011, the rate was 5.7%. 46% people aged between 25-64 years have tertiary education compared to other OECD nations and OECD average (financeisrael.mof.gov.il, 2012). This development of human capital has increased the scope of service sector within and outside the economy. However, Shindler (2013) stated that with increase in the level of education, frictional unemployment increases in the economy. One of the most significant policy implications that have turned Israel economy from young to modern is the economic openness. Due to globalisation and business outsourcing, the largest number of domestic companies has been listed in NASDAQ after US and China. Another strong side of the economy is stable money and capital market. Therefore, Israel was little affected during global financial crisis. In the resilience of the economy index, Israel ranked 1st during 2012-11. Banking sector has been successful to protect economy from GCF even there have been international cooperation. This success indicates effective money market, capital market policies taken by monetary authority (Roy, 2012). During 1973-83 Israel economy experienced several economic crisis, Yom Kippur War and as a consequences, government expenditure as well budget deficit extended. In order to reduce the deficit, government took deficit financing through printing new money, which created 445% inflation during 1984 (financeisrael.mof.gov.il, 2012). In order to stabilise the economy, government took stabilisation plan through budget cut, forbidding money printing, stabilisation of price level, setting fixed exchange rate and establishing Arrangement Law. This stabilisation policy was known as key factor for the development of the economy. This policy was successfully implemented and inflation rate gradually decreased to 20% during 1990s and to 0.5% during 2016. Therefore, the above analysis demonstrates that economic policy setting of Israel has brought remarkable change in the economy, despite facing war several times. However, not every aspect of stabilisation policy had been effective in the economy. F ixed exchange rate regime was introduced to stabilise economy. Currency was allowed to fluctuate within an upper and a lower limit. However, this policy was not fruitful and hence, it ended during 2005. Drezon-Tepler (2012) mentioned that agriculture has been neglected in this economy due to rapid expansion of industrial and service sector. Process of change since the foundation of young nation Israel got independence during 1948. This economy was under government control since then. Every aspect of the economy such as fiscal, monetary policies, law and order, trade policy, social aspects all were governed by the state. There was less economic freedom. Gradually the economy transited into the free and market economy. As immigration started in to the economy after 1922 from Europe and Russia, policymaker felt the importance of government intervention. Due to immigration, labour was cheaper in this economy. Therefore, supply of labour has been elastic due to increasing competition. The phase of 1948-65 was the formative phase of the young Israel (Kipnis, 2016, February). Israel has faced war situation several times. Therefore, initially government spending in defence was high in this economy especially after immigration. As an effect, demand for consumer goods was increased so much that inflationary situation was created in the economy. Therefore, government control was inevi table. Government took decision to devalue Israeli currency. Devaluation makes export cheaper and import costlier. Therefore, export and import both have been grown since 1990s. However, the pattern of trade was changed. Economic based was shifted from agriculture to manufacturing and high tech industry. US have been a major trading partner for Israel for exporting the high tech intensive manufacturing product. Israel mainly imports industrial raw materials, wheat, motor vehicle, and uncut diamonds. As agricultural production has fallen in this economy, Israel imports grain and wheat from other economy as overtime it gained competitive advantage. Inflation in the country started to rise to reach at a hyper-inflationary stage. During the period 1977-1985, economy faced banking crisis as investors started to withdraw their money from the economy. Therefore, cash flow reduced and Israel faced uncertainty regarding payment of debt. Again, government intervention was necessary. In order to control the situation, cut in government spending was an important decision. A remarkable decision to manage monetary situation is freedom of central bank from political influence (Krampf, 2012). Central bank took more autonomy to set monetary policy. The central bank followed Keynesian spending policy, which opined to cut deficit in good times and letting it go at bad times. The government took import substitution policy to protect domestic industry. This policy was taken to provide opportunity to the new industries like textiles. New economic policy was taken during 1975. Trade liberalisation and privatisation have been two important drivers of the economy. Liberalisation came up in the form of free trade. A free trade was agreement was signed with European economic union and another with US. Israel has moved from fixed to free exchange rate regime. Government provided unemployment benefit, pensions, and child allowances. However, as stated by Weitz Rokach (2013), poverty has risen in the economy with rapid growth of industrial and high tech manufacturing goods. Kaye (2012) mentioned that neo liberalisation policy was implemented in the economy to achieve economic prosperity. In the view of Hausman Johnston (2014), Israel is a strong diversified modern economy in the Middle East. It has risen as an economic as well as political power in this region. Israel has now appeared as an emerging economy from developing economy. Israel has emerged as the strong regional power compared to other countries like, Egypt, Syria, Jordon and Lebanon. Trade and political relations with these countries have been great impact on Israel economy. One instance can be highlighted here. During 1990s, Palestinian suicide bombing was associated with Arab-Israeli conflict. However, strong economic and political strategy enabled Israel to restrict the conflicts to enter into the economy. Physical infrastructure of the internal Israel economy remained unaffected from this conflict. The scope of foreign direct investment has risen in the economy. However, as stated by Elis (2015) the level of foreign investment has decreased 46% from 2013 to 2014. The FDI has dropped from $11.8b to $6.4. This may be a reason for slow growth rate in recent decades. Israel has become a diversified economy with both high-tech and low-tech production. Two factors attributed for economic growth of the country. One is the immigration of entrepreneurs and experienced engineers from Germanyand the other is increasing demand for industrial products. Before liberalisation period, tradition industries such as textiles, chemical, rubber, metal products and plastics, fertilisers and pesticides played important role in trading. Until 1970, most of the resources including labour were used in agricultural sector (Flug Strawczynski, 2013). Due to increasing immigration, the labour market was elastic. However, with the globalisation, the production base of the company shifted from agriculture to industrial base. Gradually education system, medical services, electronic, computer hardware and software business developed in the economy to contribute domestic and export sector. However, Kaye (2012) mentioned that Gaza war in recent times has pushed Israel economy into contractionary situation due to heavy investment in resolving war conflicts. Increase in government spending increases debt burden on people in future and hence growth rate decelerates. Conclusion The assignment has focused on economic evolution of Israel. The economy starts from young stage with a very low growth. However, this country has emerged in a remarkable way by surpassing major economies in the world in terms of real and per capita GDP. Modern economic history began from 1948. The above study has analysed two factors such as immigration and capital inflows in the economy. Gross National products in the economy grew rapidly during the period of immigration. At the initial stage, wage cost was low, therefore, private and public organisations could employ large labour at very cost. However, economic policies before liberalisation age have not been much effective. Government experienced policy failure in terms of hyperinflation. Israel economy has faced challenges like hyperinflation, immigration, war conflicts. The report has presented the process of resolving all the challenges through tight policy implementation. In order to manage demand in the economy as after effect of immigration, government took austerity measure. Spending cut, increase in tax were two policies. Before 1972s, banking sector faced severe crisis in terms of capital outflow and a hyper-inflationary situation was created in the economy. Government then took decision regarding the autonomy of central bank. Among the other effective economic policies, important were, price control, contractionary and monetary policies and fiscal policies. The stabilisation plan was taken followed by government. Israel economy has experienced a shift in economic importance from agriculture to manufacturing and hi-tech industries. Government has relaxed fixed exchange rate regime. Instead, floating exchange rate has been implemented. 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